Wednesday, November 23, 2011

Himalayan countries urged to own their green tech boom

A woman in Nepal
Renewable energy could help boost economies in the Himalayan region
Flickr/International Rivers
[KATHMANDU] Himalayan countries should support and invest in green technologies if such initiatives are to succeed and bring benefits to the economy in the long term, a meeting has heard.

Eight countries in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region are making progress in development and uptake of renewable energy technologies, which can maintain sustainable economic growth for mountain communities, a workshop in Kathmandu heard earlier this month (2–4 November).

Further investments could provide environmental, social and economic benefits to mountain communities, experts told the meeting, which was organised by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).

But it is uncertain whether poorer countries could sustain investment in green technology development without external support and this dependency on donor funding could hamper the progress made so far, experts warned.

Suresh Kumar Dhungel, senior scientist at Nepal National Academy of Science and Technology, told SciDev.Net: "The sad part is that Nepal's efforts are not solely ours, it is all guided by funds from international donor agencies. Policymakers need to realise the importance of a green society."
Golam Rasul, head of ICIMOD's economic analysis division said: "The initial cost of renewable energy is high compared with fossil fuel based energy. The technology we are using now is not very cost-effective. Technologically advanced countries should support research in this field."
Rasul said regional cooperation and transboundary energy trade could offer a way out.
"Bhutan and Nepal have huge hydropower potential but lack technical capacity and large markets, whereas India and Bangladesh are power hungry," Rasul said.
Ghulam Mohammad Malikyar, deputy director-general of the National Environmental Protection Agency, of the Afghanistan, told SciDev.Net climatic environments may need different green technologies, appropriate for local circumstances.
Prem Pokhrel, climate and energy programme officer at the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre, Nepal, said that almost a million households in Nepal are benefiting from micro-hydro power plants, improved cooking stoves, domestic biogas plants, and solar home systems. This saves an estimated 12 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions each year.
Pokhrel described an 'energy ladder' of rising income, where households transition from wood and animal-based fuels to electricity and other clean energy, as they get richer. This also translated into better health for women and children, said Pokhrel. He added that uptake of clean energy can also help generate better income.

ICIMOD organised a conference on Green Economy and Sustainable Mountain Development: Opportunities and Challenges in View of Rio+20 in September, which produced a concept paper 'Green Economy for Sustainable Mountain Development'.
One of the key recommendations to the national governments from the concept paper was to "adopt alternative forms of energy such as hydropower, wind power, biogas, and solar energy to reduce negative impacts from the use of fossil fuels and fuel wood".

Link to 'Green Economy for Sustainable Mountain Development: a concept paper for Rio+20 and beyond'

Tuesday, November 22, 2011

Solar Arrays Powering Data Centers

When people think of green living, chances are, computer data centers aren’t the first thing that comes to mind. But IBM (NYSE:IBM) is changing all that with the installation of a 6,000 sq foot array of solar panels, located in Bangalore, India, that can deliver as much as 575 volts to run a server. The new solar powered system can run the India based company’s, 50 kilowatts of computer equipment for approximately 330 days out of the year for about 5 hours a day.
This bodes well as an alternative power source when Bangalore has difficulty getting power to all of their customers. In addition, it looks like IBM could possibly install batteries to store the juice coming in and with a larger array and plenty of roof capacity, could run the data center 24/7.
The implications of this are huge in terms of how remote parts of the world could now be connected to the rest of the world using this solar supplied system. Clients in underdeveloped countries are paying attention and IBM’s creation has their interest.
IBM plans on packaging what the techs have created and selling it to these clients sometime next year. In addition to reducing carbon emissions and the amount of diesel fuel these systems normally take, it will also take the strain and demand off of the already overworked grids and give them an alternative source of power for their computer data centers.
In places where the grid can’t be relied upon exclusively, a backup diesel-powered generator will still be needed. The biggest impact is expected to be on countries that, before now, have had no chance of being connected with the rest of the world due to lack of electrical supplies. This system is going to change all that.Image representing IBM as depicted in CrunchBaseImage via CrunchBase
Using IBM’s solution to a lack of electrical supplies, a telecommunications company, or even a bank could set up a data center in a remote place and have what amounts to their own DC mini grid within the data center. It really opens up options that just weren’t there before.
Solar powered technology has been around for many years, but no one had ever engineered it for computer use…before now. IBM has taken the bull by the horns and discovered a way to solve a problem that has kept many countries out of the mainstream of the computer world for decades.
No one has ever attempted to package solar power, power conditioning and water cooling into an all-in-one system that can run huge configurations of electronic equipment, and that is exactly what IBM has done, and done successfully.
In addition to that gigantic leap forward for those countries that had no chance of joining the computer era, the system it has created gives a source of reliable, efficient, clean power to industrial-scale electronics that are high energy intensive. It is never too late to discover ways to reduce the world’s fuel consumption and carbon emissions. This is just the beginning of what could be an enormous global change in how countries are able to run their computer data centers and where those data centers can be located.

Monday, November 21, 2011

Indian waste workers fear loss of income from trash-to-electricity projects

In New Delhi — For five hours every day, Ranjit Kumar and his 10-year-old son rummage through a giant pile of rotting trash with their bare hands, filling bags with ­pieces of metal, plastic and glass to take by cart to the recyclers market nearby.
But an incinerator under construction not far away may mean that he and other waste workers will lose access to the trash, he said, which fetches his family a little more than $5 a day.
The incinerator is one of two projects in New Delhi aimed at turning the city’s trash into electricity and earning carbon credits under the Kyoto Protocol, the global climate pact designed to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. Local politicians have hailed the projects for addressing the city’s chronic problems of excess untreated waste and a shortage of electric power.
But for almost 300,000 workers in the city engaged in waste collection, sorting and recycling, the plants mean the loss of their livelihood.
“If all the trash goes to the plants to be processed, how do we feed our stomachs?” Kumar said as foul-smelling fumes rose from the trash and dark-brown water trickled past him. “My work may look dirty, but it keeps my family alive.”
A worldwide campaign
Waste-worker communities have mobilized in Brazil, Colombia, South Africa and India to campaign on behalf of trash dumps and the livelihoods they provide, and against the idea of burning waste. The United Nations, however, has been encouraging incinerator projects that burn waste — rotting trash produces the potent greenhouse gas methane — to produce energy.
Under the Kyoto Protocol, nations can earn carbon credits for such projects; the credits can be used to offset the emissions of coal-fired power plants elsewhere.
This month, hundreds of waste workers gathered outside the U.N. office in New Delhi to protest 21 municipal waste projects for which India has applied for carbon credit. The projects, not all completed, use biodegradable, combustible and inert waste. They include trash-to-compost, incinerators and refuse-derived fuel.
Waste-worker groups appealed to climate negotiators when they met in Mexico, Germany and China in the past year, and they are preparing to protest at the climate meeting in Durban, South Africa, set to begin next week.
Waste workers want access to the United Nations’ $30 billion Green Climate Fund — the effort by developed countries to help the developing world prepare for climate change — for their role in mitigating climate change by recovering recyclable materials from waste.
But advocates of the trash-
to-energy projects say that India’s growing population, changing consumption patterns and urban boom have created a waste problem that must be addressed in a scientific manner.
“It is not an us-versus-them situation. We must frame the debate differently. Do we want the ragpickers to continue working in inhuman, hell-on-Earth, unhygienic conditions at these untreated dump sites? Should their sons and daughters do the same, too?” asked Mahesh Babu, chief executive of IL&FS Ecosmart, which heads several trash-to-energy projects across India, including the incinerator near Kumar’s neighborhood. “The solution lies in integrating some of the waste-workers into the processing activities of the plants.”
But India has a staggering 1.7 million waste workers, and any effort to mainstream them is often just a drop. Babu’s project in the central city of Nagpur has given jobs to 70 people to collect trash, out of a total of 1,700 waste workers in the city.
“The waste pickers are at the lowest rung of the occupational ladder and often the most marginalized, hence they do not have alternative livelihood options to which they can move,” Prema Gera, assistant country director of the U.N. Development Program, said in an e-mail, referring to a study.
Bhojahari Paramni, 41, has worked with waste for 25 years. He removes dirt and twigs from balls of human hair in his home in a large slum of waste workers.
“You cannot take away my job and expect me to become a successful electrician, plumber or mason overnight,” he said. There is no regulatory protection for waste workers in India.
Waste workers say that 80 percent of Indian trash is wet, organic waste and that 30 percent contains recyclable material.
“To run an incinerator, they will burn everything, including the recyclables like plastics. Is that good for the environment?” asked Shashi Bhushan Pandit, secretary of the All India Waste Workers Union. This year, New Delhi residents protested another new incinerator because they feared emissions of dioxin and other toxic gases.
Two Indian waste workers will represent their country at next week’s protest in Durban, which will demand that poor people be factored in climate policies.
Carbon trading’s future
Although the Kyoto Protocol, which the United States has not signed, is facing an uncertain future when it comes up for renewal in 2012, analysts say that its key component, carbon trading for emissions reductions, may survive in some form.
Countries such as China, Japan and New Zealand are developing carbon markets. California recently announced the nation’s first state-run cap-and-trade program. This year, India launched an exchange program for renewable-energy certificates.
“We are hoping that the carbon-trading market will continue in some [form] — both within India and bilaterally with other countries, even if the multilateral arrangements under the Kyoto Protocol are not renewed,” Babu said.
He said carbon credit prices have fallen more than 50 percent in the past year because of the euro-zone economic crisis.

ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్ధాలతో అనర్ధం

Source: andhrabhoomi
ప్రజలు నిత్య జీవితంలో ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు, వస్తువులు వాడకంపై ఎక్కువగా మక్కువ చూపిస్తున్నారు. ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు, వస్తువులు మట్టిలో కలవాలంటే లక్ష సంవత్సరాలు పడుతుంది. పాల ప్యాకెట్ల నుండి కూరగాయల కోసం, భోజనం పార్సిళ్లకోసం, వేడి సాంబారు, పెరుగు, ఐస్‌క్రీం కప్పులు, ప్లాస్టిక్ ఇస్తల్రు, వాటర్ బాటిల్స్ మరియు ఇళ్లలో వాడుకొనే ప్లాస్టిక్ వస్తువులు వాడటంవల్ల పిల్లల ఎదుగుదల, జ్ఞాపకశక్తి తగ్గిపోవడమేకాక స్లోపాయిజన్‌గా మారి క్యాన్సర్, కిడ్నీ, కాలేయం వ్యాధులుసోకి మనిషి బలహీనపడిపోతాడు. వీటిని ఒక చోట చెత్తగా చేర్చి కాల్చడంవల్ల ఆ పొగ ద్వారా విషవాయువు ఏర్పడి మన శరీరంలోకి ప్రవేశించి, అనేక రోగాలకు దారితీస్తుంది. ప్లాస్టిక్ క్యారీ బ్యాగులు తిని నోరు లేని జీవులు మృత్యువాత పడుతున్నాయి. ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు భూమిలో పొరలు పొరలుగా పేరుకుపోయి భూగర్భ జలాలకు ఆటంకం ఏర్పడుతుంది. వర్షపు నీరు సముద్రంలో కలిసిపోతుంది. ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు, వస్తువులు నిరంతరం వాడుతుంటే రాబోయే కాలంలో ప్రకృతి ప్రసాదించిన ప్రాణాధారమైన మంచినీరు కనుమరుగైపోతుంది.
మురుగు కాల్వలలో ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలు నిల్వ ఉండటంవల్ల దోమలు నివాసాలు ఏర్పరచుకొని అనేక రోగాలు వ్యాపిస్తాయ. 20 మైక్రాన్ల కంటె తక్కువ మందం ఉండే క్యారీ బ్యాగుల తయారీ వాడకం గతంలో ఉన్నత న్యాయస్థానం నిషేధించింది. 20/30 మీటర్ల సైజులో 50 సంచులు కలిపి 105 గ్రాముల బరువు మాత్రమే ఉండాలి. ఇవి తెలుపు, సాధారణ రంగుల్లోనే ఉండాలి. 20 మైక్రాన్ల కంటె తక్కువ మందంగల క్యారీ బ్యాగులు ఎక్కువ సంఖ్యలో తయారుచేస్తున్నారు. అవి అన్ని పట్టణాలలో, పల్లెటూర్లలో, చిల్లర దుకాణాలు, ఫ్యాన్సీ దుకాణాలలో ఎక్కువగా అమ్మకాలు చేస్తున్నారు. వీటి గురించి ప్రభుత్వం గాని, ప్రభుత్వ పురపాలక సంఘ అధికారులు, ప్రజారోగ్యశాఖ వారు గాని అసలు పట్టించుకోవడం లేదు. ఫలితంగా ఒక్కొక్క పట్టణంలో 807 టన్నుల చెత్త తయారవుతున్నది. ఇందులో 70 శాతం పైగా ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలే ఉంటున్నాయి. రాష్ట్రం మొత్తం మీద 640కి పైగా ప్లాస్టిక్ తయారీ పరిశ్రమలు ఉన్నాయి. ఒక్కొక్క జిల్లాకు 42 చొప్పున పెద్ద, చిన్న పరిశ్రమలు ఉన్నాయి. శస్త్ర వైద్య సంబంధమైన వ్యర్థాలు, శరీర భాగాలు, శానిటరీ ప్యాడ్స్, విసర్జిత వ్యర్థాలు, శాప్స్, డ్రస్సింగ్ మ్యాట్, బ్యాండేజీలు, కలుషితపు రక్తంతో కలిసిన రోగ కారణమైన వస్తువులు, పాథలాజికల్, సర్జికల్ వ్యర్థ పదార్థాలు, మైక్రో బయాలజి, బయో టెక్నాలజీ వ్యర్థాలు, ప్లాస్టిక్ ట్యూబులు, సిరంజిలు, ఇతర ప్లాస్టిక్ వస్తువులు ప్రమాదకరంగా మారుతున్నాయి. వ్యాపారస్థులు వ్యాపారం దెబ్బతింటుందని పరిశ్రమల యజమానులకు నష్టాలు వస్తాయని ఈ ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాల నిషేధానికి ప్రజాప్రతినిధులు అడ్డుకుంటున్నారు.
ఇదిలావుండగా అడవులు, పర్యావరణ మంత్రిత్వశాఖ, కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం వారు ప్లాస్టిక్ తయారీ అమ్మకం, మరియు వాడకం నిబంధనలు 1999లో విడుదల చేశారు. దానికి అనుగుణంగా ప్లాస్టిక్ తయారీ వాడకం గురించి కొన్ని పరిమితులు, విధానాలు విధించారు. భారత ప్రభుత్వం రీసైక్లింగ్ చేయబడిన ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు మరియు డబ్బాల తయారీ, వాడకాన్ని నియంత్రించడం కోసం రీసైక్లిడ్ ప్లాస్టిక్ నిబంధనలు 1999ని పర్యావరణ పరిరక్షణ చట్టం కింద ప్రకటించింది. ఈ నిబంధనలు 2.9.1999 నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చాయ. ఇవి 2003 సంవత్సరంలో సవరించబడి ప్లాస్టిక్ అమ్మకాలు, తయారీ మరియు వాడుకగా పేర్కొనబడినది. ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు మరియు రీసెక్లిడ్డ్ ప్లాస్టిక్స్ గురించి అడవులు, పర్యావరణ శాస్త్ర మరియు సాంకేతిక శాఖవారు ప్రభుత్వం ఉత్తర్వుల సంఖ్య ది.30.3.2001న ఉత్తర్వులు జారీచేసినా నేటికి అమలుకాలేదు. 20 మైక్రాన్ల కంటే తక్కువ మందం కల్గిన ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచులు తయారీ, రీసైక్లింగ్ ప్లాస్టిక్ వాడకాన్ని తగ్గించడానికి లేదా నిలిపివేయడానికి ఎటువంటి చర్యలు తీసుకోలేదు. భవిష్యత్తు ప్రమాదాలను దృష్టిలో వుంచుకొని ఉన్నత న్యాయస్థానం ఆదేశాల మేరకు ప్లాస్టిక్ సంచుల తయారీ పరిశ్రమలను నియంత్రించడానికి ప్రభుత్వం పూనుకోవాలి.